Task 1 - Development of editing

  ANALOGUE EDITING 

Analogue editing is editing that is hand held editing this means that any cut made in a film was done by hand with a slicer. People in factories would hold up the film too the light to see where the film needed editing they would then use the slicer too cut where needed.

Analogue editing was developed when editing was first discovered this is because when it was developed high tech computers were not available at the time, this meant everything had to be done by hand which was very time consuming and created a lot of faults with the footage.

The technique is used to create butter effect when watching a film by hand cutting the shots, it helps the audience create a story in their heads with different cuts and effects. This technique is used after the film has been shot, this is because the people put together and edit the film with what they are given to create the effect of story and emotion onto the audience.

There are a few  advantages of analogue editing are that there is a warm and natural sound there is a theoretically better audio bandwidth, tried and tested format all these this help with the editing to create a smoother transmission between shots and frames and also for the views pleasure.
Compared to the advantages because o hand cut there are more disadvantages for this technique for example because of cheap recorders is picks up the tape noise as well as background noise which is not needed for the film. Also the tape is expensive and vulnerable. Because of the type being so big and old fashioned it needed a lot of maintenance which took up a lot of time and money. And also the sound becomes distorted. Because of all theses it takes up a lot of time and money that could be used for the film.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCSsK

DIGITAL EDITING 

Digital editing is the modern editing used today to edit films. Digital editing is done on high Tec computers to add in cuts and create other techniques which create a story for the audience and make it easier to watch and understand

When years past Digital editing become more and more in use because of the technology of computers and the wider knowledge of editing. The use of high Tec editing because more in use in films due to its easy use as well as its finished productions due to the smooth transitions as well as effect that create a whole new story and was more interesting and more entertainment for an audience due to the advanced editing that came with Digital editing. The first film that all digital editing was used was in 1985 when quantel released the film harry this was not the best film due to technical limitations; it could record and apply effects to a maximum of 80 seconds of 8-bit uncompressed digital video.

This technique is used to create a much bigger story with effect to create a real life situation as well as creating editing which can change the movie and make it easier to watch because everything is smooth and fits in together. It is used when putting together different scenes shots and frames that have been recorded it goes onto a computer which an editor uses the effects and knowledge of how the shots fit together to create a smooth sequence which look realistic to an audience.

Even due to its high technology it has its problems, because it is a computer with a lot of information, the computer could crash which could be a problem and waste time when trying to edit. A lot of data and information can be deleted or lost within the computer which could also waste time and money for the director he filmed the shot. The computer might not take as much data as there was filmed and the sound quality can be too clinical/cold. But because of the technology used there are more advantages with using Digital editing, for example  there is better sound because there is very low or hardly any background noise when not necessary, a variety of recorder options to use when filming, y u can access any part of the recording almost immediately. Massive range of editing and processing tools, clone data, audio can be transmitted over networks and also audio can easily be integrated into multimedia.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI1u3ePNYLQ

                 

IN CAMERA EDITING 

In-camera editing is a technique where, instead of editing the shots in a film into sequence after shooting, the cinematographer instead shoots the sequences in strict order. The resulting 'edit' is therefore already complete when the film is developed

Alfred Hitchcock was one of the first people to use in camera editing in his film Rope. Also Jean-Luc Godard also made use of it in his film Breathless. Both of these men helped to create and improve in camera editing. When using in camera editing the effect it had when editing became notices and saw that editing when shooting was allot easier and cost a lot less.

In camera editing is used during filming the action, every shot and frame is filmed on set. There is no editing cutting and recording after everything had been shot. When the very last film has been filmed and has been checked by videographer, the production is completely finished. This is used to save money on the long editing process that normally takes place when a film is shot.

A benefit of the technique, largely now irrelevant due to the rise of digital video, is a reduction in the cost of the production. When the cost of film was a significant amount of the budget, film-makers used this technique to maximize film usage. A disadvantage of using this technique is that if something does go wrong when shooting they can’t edit bits out using paid editors the need to re record or film the same part to get it perfect which will also cost money to film again.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwKJeqGeMPw

FOLLOWING THE ACTION 

Following the action is following the action which is taking place in the shot for example a chase scene a car scene any action that is fast pace. Normally when following the action a dolly is used this is a trolly on tracts which follows the action with the camera. There is also more than one camera this is so the shots can change in which the actor is looking for going. This creates excitement for the audience that is watching because of the fast pace action and the following of the action that is taking place.

This was developed to make the viewers eye follow the action that is being filmed to create that excitement and tension for the audience.

This technique is used to follow the action that is taking place in the film if follows the action on a dolly to move with the chase that is happening this is so the audience can keep up with the action and experience it like the actors is as well as seeing their reaction and emotions during the time. This is used for the effect of the film as well as an editing technique that links the movie to its genre.

There are a lot of advantages as well as disadvantages with this editing technique. One advantage is the effect it creates on the audience that is watching it brings the excitement and suspense when the action is taking place this is because the camera is following the action. Also the dolly goes horizontal and well as vertical which makes it more effective and realistic when filming.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcsS_IsUQ2A

     

MULTIPLE POINT OF VEIW

Multiple point of view shot refers to the different shots that are used for the person on screen and there are different ones to use. Point of view shot when the camera is in the actors view experiencing everything the actor does. Shot reverse shot which is used when characters are in talking. These shots the audience are used when telling a story or showing the audience what the character is feeling.

The earliest films in the cinema were produced by using one shot without the editing process as the equipment used today were unknown. One of the earliest films in cinema was produced by using one shot without the editing process. Now many films are dependent on these editing techniques to create a movie which is interesting and exiting and realistic to watch. The life of an American fireman was one of the first movies to use this editing technique. The film is viewed by the audience from inside the building then changes into a shot down from outside the building which repeats the action in the narrator. This editing technique of using different point of view shots the action demonstrated its own laws of time and space on narrative.

Most of the techniques used are very effective when it comes to using them in films this is because it creates an effect which is interesting for an audience to watch. A disadvantage of these is that sometimes they do not work successful in movies which make it unrealistic when watching.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0xiCIMIwLY

    short reverse shot  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNFjJPF1H1o

           

point of view 

SHOT VARIATION 

Shot variation is a sequence of images using movement. This includes wide shot a shot which shows a character and the scene they are in. long shot showing a full body image of a character and or object this shot is normally used to introduce main characters. A medium shot this is used in dialogue scene so the audience can follow the narrative. A close up so the audience can see emotions and facial expressions for the characters. All these shots help with the effect that the film is trying to create.

One of the main reasons why this technique was developed was because it showed different shots of different objects and characters which showed them in different lights and gave each shot a different story and view to the audience. Loads of movies used shot variation to introduce characters or show them in a certain way.

This editing technique is used in many if not all films these days. Close up to show characters reaction and emotions. Long shot normally to introduce characters and to show the audience the appearance of the characters. Medium shot is normally used when dialogue is present in the film so the audience can follow the narrative as well as seeing the emotions and reactions.

Advantages of this technique is that is also give the film an effect by showing shots of the actors in  a way which goes with what they are doing as well as showing the audience a little more than the actor is giving away. Theses shots could be used in a way which is not effective which could cause confusing when people are watching and would not bring an interesting and creative effect when watching.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laU2MI6X48I

Manipulation of diegetic time and space

This Is where the editor changes the speed of the film to slow things down and too speed things up. For example the editor will show the audience a long slow period of time into a short sequence to show them the progress or life of a character.

1903 the great train robbery by Edwin porter was the first movie to use manipulation of time and space. A Russian director was the first to use shot sequences as manipulation of time and space known as soviet montage. This developed to also give the audience a film that is effective as well as interesting to watch it also creates different emotions for the audience to feel at different times of the film.

This technique is used to create that interesting emotion for the audience but to also tell a story in a short amount of time or to show the actors progress over weeks, month or years in a short period of time. It also slows time down to create the tension of the action that is happening and show the audience that is watching.

An advantage of this technique is that it does show an audience a large amount of time that is significant to the movie but to they make it into a few minutes to create that story line. It also is effective when showing progress showing the difference from the beginning to the end of the progression. 

 This footage speeds up the scene of him training to make it last about 15 minutes, when it would have lasted days or weeks. As it lets the audience know it’s been a long period of time, it also allows the director and editor to add more footage into the film as it’s shortened down what would have been a long piece of film, showing the days, weeks of training day by day.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AlEspfsnUw